2025/2026 NSG 533 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 ACTUAL Q&A

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2025/2026 NSG 533 ADVANCED PHARMACOLOGY EXAM 2 ACTUAL QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS pain - Answer -the most common symptom prompting patients to visit primary care providers. More than 80% of patients who visit physicians report pain. Often remains under treated. nociceptive pain - Answer -pain from a normal process that results in noxious stimuli being perceived as painful. Explained by ongoing tissue injury. thermal, mechanical and chemical nociceptors that engage "withdrawal" reflex followed by inflammatory response to protect injured tissue functional pain - Answer -pain sensitivity due to an abnormal processing or function of the central nervous system in response to normal stimuli neruopathic pain - Answer -Pain caused by lesions or other damage to the nervous system. Diabetic peripheral neuropathy - Answer -progressive deterioration of nerve function that results in loss of sensory perception acute pain - Answer -is pain that occurs as a result of injury or surgery, under 3 months. Poorly treated acute pain can cause psychological stress and compromise the immune system. Somatic acute pain is an injury to skin, bone, joint, muscle and connective tissue. Visceral pain involves injury to nerves on internal organs. Treat aggressively. Examples: cut hand, menstrual cramps. Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com chronic pain - Answer -can be intermittent or persistent, more than 3 months. Main affects include a) effects on physical function b) psychological changes c) social consequences and d) societal consequences. Usually involving life threatening diseases such as cancers, aids, progressive neurological diseases, end stage organ failure, dementia. Management should be multimodal with cognitive interventions, physical manipulations, pharmacological agents, surgical interventions, and regional or spinal anesthesia. chronic malignant pain - Answer -Painn is associated with a progressive life-threatening disease like cancer, aids, neurologic diseases, end stage organ failure, and dementia. Goal is pain alleviation and prevention. Dependence or addiction is not a concern. Pain not associated with life threatening disease and lasting more than 6 months beyond the healing period is referred to as "chronic nonmalignant pain." What are some non-pharmacological approaches to pain? - Answer -imagery, distraction, relaxation, psychotherapy, biofeedback, cognitive behavioral therapy, support groups, and spiritual counseling. Physical therapy, heat, cold, water, ultrasound, TENS, massage and therapeutic exercise. WHO 3 step analgesic ladder - Answer -* 1- nonopioid * 2 - opioid for mild to moderate pain * 3 - opioid for moderate to severe pain WHO first step pain ladder - Answer -mild pain/nonopioid analgesics such as NSAIDS or acetaminophen w/ or w/out adjuvants (such as pregablin) .. "soreness." Med examples: apap 1000mg q 6hrs, ibu600mg q6 hrs NSAIDs - Answer -Non-steroidal anti-inflammatory drugs. associated with several clinically significant contraindications and drug interactions. NSAIDS are equally effective in analgesia, antipyretic and antiinflammatory effects. Choice should include STEPS (simplicity, tolerability, evidence, price, safety). If patient fails therapy with an agent from one class of NSAIDs, use of an agent from another class is reasonable. COX2 inhibitors Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com