MMBIO 221 ROBISON FINAL ACTUAL 2025/2026 WITH CORRECT ANSWERS

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MMBIO 221 ROBISON FINAL ACTUAL 2025/2026 QUESTIONS AND 100% CORRECT ANSWERS Coliform - Answer -rapidly ferment lactose, are part of normal microbiota, may be opportunistic, aerobic or facultatively anaerobic. Found in soil and plants. Presence in water= impure water and poor sewage treatment 3 types of antigens used to serotype enteric bacteria - Answer -O-outer membrane K- capsular antigen H- flagellar lancefield typing - Answer -grouping catalase negative and coagulase negative bacteria based on carbohydrate composition of bacterial antigens found on cell walls. Used to organize various members of the family streptococcaceae. Bacillus Anthracis - Answer -Disease of herbivores, hat's why people in the wool industry got sick. TANNERS OR LEATHER WOOKERS GET WOOLSORES DISEASE.. Virulence due to 3 component toxin and protein capsule. 3 forms: Inhalation, GI, cutaneous *Bioterrorism Clostridum Botulinum - Answer -Causes botulism, incubation is short. Caused by digesting toxins in low-acid foods (ex. honey) Three types: food borne, infant, and wound. *Inhibits acetylcholine release, causes flaccid paralysis Clostridum Perfringens - Answer -Produces 11 toxins that can cause irreversible damage. Causes food poisoning and gas gangrene. Clostridium difficile - Answer -Intestinal microbiota, minor infections can cause explosive Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com diarrhea, Fecal Transplants Clostridium Tetani - Answer -Obligate Anaerobe, endospore, forming, gram positive rod, Upiquitous in soil, dust and GI tract. Causes lock jaw, tetanus. Tetanus results when endospores germinate and produce toxins. Tetanus results in spasms and contractions and can cause death (no exhale). Inhibits glycine release (neurotransmitter) Enterococcus species - Answer -important cause for hospital acquired. Previous classified as group D streptococci. Reclassified as separate genus. Forms short chains and pairs and lacks a capsule, can grow at 45 degrees, basic environments. Streptococcus pyogenes (group A) - Answer -Causes strep throat. Group A generally cause disease in the following situations: 1) Normal microbiota are depleted 2)Large inoculum enable the streptococci to establish themselves before antibodies are formed against them 3) Specific immunity is impaired Streptococcus Pneumonia - Answer -Gram-positive cocci that most commonly forms pairs but may also form chains. Forms unpigmented, alpha-hemolytic colonies when grown on blood agar (anaerobic incubation produces beta-hemolytic colonies). Causes 60-70% of all bacterial pneumonias. Normally colonizes the mouth and pharynx but can cause disease if they travel to the lungs Viridans Streptococci - Answer -Lack group specific carbs and cannot be grouped by the Lancefield system. Many produce a green discoloration when grown on blood media (α-hemol.) Normally inhabit the mouth, pharynx, GI tract, genital tract, and urinary tract. One of the causes of dental caries (dental plaque production). If they enter the blood, can cause meningitis and endocarditis Strep Agalactiae Group B - Answer -Gram-positive cocci that divide to form chains. Distinguished from group A streptococcus by its buttery colonies and smaller zone of beta-hemolysis on blood agar plates, its resistance to bacitracin, and positive CAMP test. Normally colonizes the lower gastrointestinal, genital, and urinary tracts. Associated with neonatal bacteremia, Need assistance on Online classes, Exams & Assignments? Reach out for instant help!! Full Course Assistance, Plagiarism-free Essay Writing, Research Paper, Dissertation, Discussion Posts, etc…. Confidential & Secure services. Tutors are available for all subjects! Email now at: tutorjean01@gmail.com